The Black Death and its aftermath Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Black Death and its aftermath - Essay Example The religious view argued that the "Black Death" was created by the Jews so that they could eliminate all the Christians from this world. They believed that the Jews had poisoned all the wells and springs. Therefore, they persecuted the Jews demanding them to confess their evil schemes. Many of the Jews confessed that they obtained this lethal poison from a foreign land but it was done without the knowledge of the Jewish community. Many communities had to pray hard for rain so that their people could have pure water to drink and cook. Some of the regions that were severely affected by this disease believed that God would want the Jews to be punished for this act. So they began to burn the Jews for poisoning all the wells and springs. As a result of the torture, many Jews were adopted to the Christian faith through baptism in order to avoid undeserved punishment 2 (Horrox, 1994). The religious view also argued that the plague was a punishment from God. They believed that the human race deserved to be punished because of their disobedience to God. People lived lifestyles that were sinful, unrighteous and not pleasing to him. Because of this, God had to demonstrate his sovereign power by allowing humanity to suffer. People could be cured from this disease but in order to be healed they had to humble themselves and totally submit to His authority. In comparison, the practitioners from Egyptian and Mesopotamian nations had 'medicine' to make peace with the gods. They believed that performing certain rituals and incantations before the sick person would cause him to be delivered from the demon spirit, for they all believed that diseases were caused by demons 3 (Horrox, 1994; & Longrigg, 1998). The medical theory presented two main explanations on the plague. Firstly, they believed that the cause of 'Black Death' was associated with "miasma" which means "bad air". They said that when a person inhales 'bad air' it goes directly into their lungs before it gets transmitted into their blood stream. Therefore, it starts to affect the patient's body by generating various symptoms such as headaches, coughing up blood, and a rain increase in the pulse rate. 2 The disease also would spread quickly into the air when the afflicted patient exhaled. This medical theory supported the fact that the air was not the main cause of the plague; instead, the plague was a direct result of the pollution or bacteria in the air that which was the cause for the disease. So when a normal individual contracted the disease through an afflicted person, they were both required to immediately leave the town before they passed it on to more people4 (Horrox, 1994). The medical theory also claimed that the plague was caused by an imbalance in the individuals' diet. For instance, individuals with inadequate nourishment were more vulnerable to the plague than people with malnutrition. People who consume an adequate amount of water were less susceptible to the disease. This indicated that the socioeconomic status was a significant factor in determining the rate at which the disease spread. Therefore, people from low class families were mainly blamed for the elevation of 'Black Death'. The medical view

Impact of Culture on Marketing

Impact of Culture on Marketing The impact of culture on how the products or services might be marketed in various regions around the world. Nandos is a multi-national food chain restaurant with thousands of restaurants across the globe. Nandos are a South-African food chain that has expanded globally over the last 15 years. The Impact of culture on how this food product/service has been viewed in various countries around the world had originally had a negative effect when Nandos first tried to expand to different countries. When expanding a business globally one of the main objectives to making an impact on the market is to take into consideration that countries culture. This is what Nandos failed to do and hence cost the in terms of how fast the company expanded. It has rigidly and excessively stuck to its corporate culture exhibited in South Africa. It failed to note that South Africans national culture is not the same thing as what applies in countries in European and Asian states . (Cross Cultural Management Report On Nandos Cultural Studies Essay) A time when Nandos did adjust their product or service to have an impact on a particular culture was when they collectively targeted people in Saudi Arabia during Ramadan. The company knows that during the month Ramadan takes place, Muslim people do not eat during sunlight as it is part of there religious beliefs. Nandos open there restaurants right up to midnight to offer a better service to the customers as they feast at sundown. This years Ramadan will run from Friday 26th of May till Saturday 24th June. With Social media being at the forefront of communicating today that is where Nandos do most of their advertising as it costs less than any other source of advertisement. The problem with this is when Nandos releases and ad online it must cater for all the different cultures of the countries in which they have restaurants in and countries they wish to expand to. They must not cause worldwide unrest. A time when the food chain did cause a huge global cultural problem was on March 26th 2016 when the released a paper print advertisement that was in the English Daily newspaper. The print read: We dont mind if you touch our buns, or breasts, or even our thighs. Whatever youre into, enjoying any Nandos meal with your hands is always recommended, read the advertisement. The headline read: Try something you can grab with both hands. Source: (NandoS Cheeky Print Ad Stirs Up Trouble; Ends In Public Apology) This little piece of advertisement placed in an English newspaper grabbed headlines in India it was that controversial. The topic was covered by the indianexpress.com Nandos received severe backlash from people on social media as many people viewed this as being sexist towards women. This resulted in Nandos issuing an apology to its followers. Source: (NandoS Cheeky Print Ad Stirs Up Trouble; Ends In Public Apology) This is just one cultural issue that Nandos got wrong when marketing not only in the UK but globally that had a negative effect on customers. This shines the company negatively that will see customers and potential customers boycott the brand thus, delays the company from growing and building cultural relationships with countries. The Impact of culture on how an organisation might be managed from a HR perspective. When an organization is growing internationally, culture must be instilled within the core of an organization. Culture is a huge part of business, especially big international companies as it is tough to take all the determinants of culture into account of a whole country, youve got to make sure you are not insulting anyone and all the barriers have been successfully resolved.The norms of culture are: religion, political economic philosophies, education, language and social structure. The norms and values of culture evolve overtime.It is vital a manger tells their employees what these values and norms are so that they can carry out their duties how the mangers want the company to be seen by its customers. The Nando s management in the South African headquarter had given no room for the management of its firms in other countries to operate freely this has given them no room for innovative strategic marketing planning in observance to the environment in which they operate in . The national culture of South Africa has greatly influenced the corporate culture of the Nandos organization and it thus constituted a negative impact when its adherence and transfer to other national culture that is not compatible , led to the unprofitable business operations in these countries . (Cross Cultural Management Report On Nandos Cultural Studies Essay) The impact of culture on issues such as negotiations with local suppliers and agents. Nandos are a company that basis themselves on serving their customers with fresh never frozen chicken but this has come under scrutiny. Nandos came under fire in 2013 when a Daily Mail reporter wrote an article describing the whole story about why Nandos chicken isnt as wholesome as you think (Daily Mail, 2013). They suggested that Faccenda, one of Nandos main chicken suppliers, kept the chickens in poor conditions, (NandoS Ethical Practice And How It Could Be Improved) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦these birds will have been bred in hangar-like sheds, never setting foot outdoors in the six weeks it takes them to reach their genetically engineered slaughter weight. (Daily Mail, 2013). If this was through it would have a knock on effect when the company went to negotiate with other suppliers and would maybe cause customers to go elsewhere for natural fresh chicken. For example Nandos main fresh chicken suppliers (uk) as posted on their website are: Cargill, Moy Park, Faccenda, Freemans of Newent and 2sisters. The other suppliers of the fresh chicken may boycott the company as they dont want to be labelled with suppliers such as Faccenda as it could have repercussions on their trade in the future. This could leave Nandos with suppliers cancelling their trade agreements. Another impact this could have with negotiations with local suppliers and agents is with this article being released the other suppliers may demand more money as they are supplying fully fresh chicken compared to Faccenda suppliers. Nandos also came under scrutiny in 2014 when the guardian released an article questioning how ethical Nandos is. Recently the Enthoven family, who owns Nandos, has been found to have a secretive offshore  £750m trust located in a Channel Islands. This offshore trust means that family can avoid UK inheritance tax on all their fortune (The Guardian, 2014). However the restaurant group pointed out that they paid  £12.6m in UK corporation tax last year. This also could have had an impact on Nandos when they want to expand in the UK in terms of taxes and the relationship with the government. Suggestions       Nandos actions on social media is one of the main areas that needs to be adjusted in order to entice more people to eat in their restaurants. Social media connects everyone around the world. People of all cultures so Nandos must be careful want content/ads they release online as it could be seen as funny by one nation and disrespectful by another. Nandos is known for releasing these controversial adverts around the world. From my findings this is the main area the company needs to adjust or rethink. Whoever looks after the social media on behalf of Nandos make sure they have the necessary training it takes to operate these profiles. From my findings another area I havent mentioned a lot is the Nandos menu. It is almost the same all across the world. 90% of the menu is the same as it is here in Ireland. I think a good idea would be to introduce more types of food options on menus in countries based on the culture of the country that Nandos operate in. For example: India already has 5 restaurants, with Nandos planning on expanding their. Integrate Indian delicacies to the menu to cater for that country to try entice more of the locals that are not fans of the Portuguese food Nandos serve. Bibliography: Leigh, David, James Ball, and Leila Haddou. Nandos Using Secretive Tax Haven Trust To Avoid Inheritance Tax Bills. the Guardian. N.p., 2017. Web. 10 Mar. 2017. NandoS Ethical Practice And How It Could Be Improved. rmtheory2practice. N.p., 2017. Web. 10 Mar. 2017. NandoS Cheeky Print Ad Stirs Up Trouble; Ends In Public Apology. The Indian Express. N.p., 2017. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. Cross Cultural Management Report On Nandos Cultural Studies Essay. UKEssays. N.p., 2017. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

My first Sonne and Mid Term Break Essay -- English Literature

My first Sonne and Mid Term Break In this essay I will be comparing and commenting on the poems ‘My first Sonne’, by Ben Johnson and ‘Mid Term Break’ by Seamus Heaney. These poems are all a reflection on a close relative’s death and portray the poet’s emotions, feelings and thoughts. However while Ben Johnson loses a son Seamus Heaney loses a brother, from these poems we see two different types of emotions. Mid term break is an autobiographical poem written by Seamus Heaney when thinking back about the death of his little brother. ‘My first Sonne’ is also autobiographical, but is about the death of Ben Johnson’s seven year old son. Despite the fact that both poems are about death the poets’ emotions are very different, ban Johnson regrets loving his son and Heaney finds peace when he sees his brother once again. In life there is a moral order of death, which is that parents should never have to bury their children, but both the poems are the opposite of the moral order. Even though both poems are different responses to death I think that they are both equally effective. The poets’ use of lexis, structures and themes help make their poems effective. Meaning is important in both poems, it shows us that death can strike at any time and can have a great impact on us. I think both poems have straight forward meaning- we see Benn Johnson trying to create meaning in his poem for why his son died. Ben Johnson blames himself for loving his child too much, even though we know that infant mortality was high at this point. Johnson does not take into mind the context of the time he was living in. Structure is important in poems as it affects the rhythm and the tone, this could affect the whole meaning of a ... ...e Gods with Jesus’. Even though the reader may not be religious the use of expressions makes it easier to understand than Mid Term Break. Heaney in his final line uses alliteration to end the poem, this final stanza gains our sympathy and we empathise with him. Johnson uses a similar technique, using his final line to gain the views understanding and sympathy. Both poets use words which describe what has happened and how they feel, for example Johnson describes his son being ‘exacted’. This is another meaning for collecting, debt collecting. I feel that both poems are effective in their meaning- however personally My First Sonne gains my empathy more than Mid- Term Break. I think this is because it is more understandable and not as complex. Having lost a close person I can understand what Johnson feels- a rush of anger followed by love and regret.

Trail of Tears and the Five Civilized Tribes

During the early years of 1800s, valuable gold deposits were discovered in tribal lands, which by previous cessions had been reduced to about seven million acres in northwest Georgia, eastern Tennessee, and southwest North Carolina. In 1819, Georgia appealed to the U. S. government to remove the Cherokee from Georgia lands. When the appeal failed, attempts were made to purchase the territory. Meanwhile, in 1820 the Cherokee established a governmental system modeled on that of the United States, with an elected principal chief, a senate, and a house of representatives. Because of this system, the Cherokee were included as one of the so-called Five Civilized Tribes. The other four tribes were the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and the Seminoles. In 1832, in spite of the fact the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Georgia legislation was unconstitutional, federal authorities, following Jackson†s policy of Native American removal, ignored the decision. About five hundred leading Cherokee agreed in 1835 to cede the tribal territory in exchange for $5,700,000 and land in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Their action was repudiated by more than nine-tenths of the tribe, and several members of the group were later assassinated. In 1838 federal troops began forcible evicting the Cherokee. Approximately one thousand escaped to the North Carolina Mountains, purchased land, and incorporated in that state; they were the ancestors of the present-day Eastern Band. Most of the tribe, including the Western Band, was driven west about eight hundred miles in a forced march, known as the Trail of Tears. The march west included 18,000 to 20,000 people, of whom about 4000 perished through hunger, disease, and exposure. The Cherokee are of the Iroquoian linguistic family. Their economy, like that of the other southeastern tribes, was based on intensive agriculture, mainly of corn, beans, and squash. Deer, bear, and elk were hunted. The tribe was divided into seven matrilineal clans that were dispersed in war and peace moieties (half-tribes). The people lived in numerous permanent villages, some of which belonged to the war moiety, the rest to the peace moiety. In the early 19th century, the Cherokee demonstrated unusual adaptability to Western institutions, both in their governmental changes and in their adoption of Western method of animal harvesting and farming. Public schools were established and in the 1820s, a tribal member invented an 85-character syllable script for the Cherokee language. Widespread literacy followed almost immediately. In 1828 the first Native American newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, began publication. Today in Oklahoma, much of the culture has remained the same. Their traditional crafts are most strongly preserved by the Eastern Band where their basketry is considered to be equal to or better than that of earlier times. In Oklahoma the Cherokee live both on and off the reservation, scattered in urban centers and in isolated rural regions. Their occupations range form fishing to industrial labor to business management. In North Carolina, farming, forestry, factory work, and tourism are sources of income. As of 1990 there were 308,132 Cherokee descendants in the United States. Another member of the five tribes is the Seminoles, a Native American tribe of the Muskogean language family. Most now live in Oklahoma and southern Florida. The Seminole tribe developed in the 18th century from members of the Creed Confederacy, mostly Creeks and Hitchiti, who raided and eventually settled in Florida. After the United States acquired Florida in 1819, the territorial governor, Andrew Jackson, initiated a vigorous policy of tribal removal to open the land for white settlers. After the capture of their leader Osceola in 1837 and the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842, several thousand Seminole were forcibly moved west to Indian Territory. At the end of the Third Seminole War in 1858, about 250 more were sent west. The rest were allowed to remain, and their descendants signed a peace treaty with the United States in 1935. In 1964 the Miccosukee signed a 50-year agreement with national Park Service that allows the Miccosukee access to more than 300 acres of the Everglades. The Florida Seminole have five reservations. They farm, hunt, fish, and some run tourist-related businesses. Many still live in thatch-roofed, open-sided houses on stilts and wear patchwork and applique clothing. The Seminole in Oklahoma were given a smaller reservation after the American Civil War. In the late 19th century they yielded to pressure to divide their tribal land into individual allotments and cede the surplus to the United States; this land was opened to settlers in 1889. In 1990 Seminole descendants numbered 13, 797. Many were Baptists, but both the Florida and Oklahoma groups retained traditional Muskogean observances. The three remaining tribes, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and the Creek, are all close in relationship. All tribes are of the Muskogean linguistic family and all occupied an area that now includes Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Kentucky. The Chickasaw lived in dwellings constructed alongside streams and rivers rather than in villages. They obtained food by hunting, fishing, and farming. The Creek were an agricultural tribe, living in villages consisting of log houses. Creek women cultivated corn, squash, beans, and other crops, and the men hunted and fished. The Choctaw were less warlike that their traditional enemies, the Chickasaw and the Creek. They lived in mud and bark cabins with thatched roofs. They were also agricultural people, probably the most able farmers of the southeastern region. They also raised cattle, fished, and hunted. In 1990 the Chickasaw and their descendants numbered 20,631, the Creek heritage numbered 43,550, and a large number of Choctaw and their descendants live principally in Oklahoma and also in Mississippi and Louisiana. During the 18th and 19th centuries the Choctaw were forced to move farther and farther west to avoid conflict with European settlers. By 1842 they had ceded most of their land to the United States and were relocated in Indian Territory, land set aside for them in present-day Oklahoma. Here the Choctaw became, along with Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Seminole, part of a group of Native Americans known as the Five Civilized Tribes, so called because they had organized governments the establishment of public schools and newspapers.

Importance and Evolution of Human Resource Accounting

Human resource accounting comprise accounting for outgos related to human resource as assets opposed to traditional accounting attack which treats these costs as disbursals that will cut down net incomes of organisation. Importance and engagement to growing in HRA to growing have been clear in figure of states. Human Resource Accounting ( HRA ) comprise accounting for outgos of human resources as assets on the other manus traditional accounting attack which treats costs of human resource as disbursals that will cut down net incomes of organisation importance and parts to growing in HRA have been plain in a figure of states Importance and engagement to growing in HRA to growing have been clear in figure of states. Since the constitution of globalisation of concern and services, human rudimentss are going more of import input for the success of any organisation. It helps the direction to construction policies for human resources. Human resource accounting is a procedure of placing and mensurating informations about human resources. Measurement of the investing in human resources will assist to measure the charges in human resource investing over a period of clip. HRA is non a new issue in the field of concern. Economists think about human capital as a production factor, and they explore different ways of mensurating its investing in instruction, wellness, and other countries. Accountants have accepted the value of human assets for at least 70 old ages. Cardinal words:Human Resource Accounting, Human Capital accounting, Human resource. Introduction The success of economic undertakings and accomplishing its ends depends mostly on the efficiency and effectivity of human resources, and as the human component is a existent provider of any undertaking, and material resources are contribution factors, adult male what owned the accomplishments and enjoyed by the desire to work is a important component to accomplish production efficiency and profitableness, the undertakings spent a batch of money in the enlisting and choice and preparation of workers. The traditional accounting position these charges treated as current outgos charged to the income of the fiscal period when ciphering the net net income, although it represents investing disbursement in order to make assets of the establishment, and hence to promote the an organisation to see human resources as Capital Assets. When doing determinations on the assets they expect to acquire all the future benefits, every bit good as promote the organisation to making an incorporate system o f human resources accounting. Need of HRA and its applications Human Resource Accounting provides helpful information to the disposal, fiscal analysts and human resources on the undermentioned issues. 1.Human Resource Accounting helps the direction in the Employment, turn uping and use of human resources. 2.It supports in make up one's minding the preparation, publicity, and retrenchment of human resources. 3.It provides a footing for planning of human resources. 4.It helps in measuring the costs incurred for leaving furthermore developing in employees. 5.It supports to find the causes of high labor turnover at assorted degrees and taking defensive steps to incorporate it. 6.It helps in turn uping the existent cause for low return on investing, like improper or under-utilization of physical assets or human resource or both. 7.It supports in apprehension and measuring the interior strength of an organisation and helps the direction to maneuver the company good through most inauspicious and unfavourable fortunes. 8.It provides valuable information for individuals interested in doing long term investing in the house. 9.It supports employees in bettering their public presentation and bargaining power. It makes each of them to understand his part towards the improvement of the house vis- & A ; agrave ; -vis the outgo incurred by the house on them. Develop of HRA reappraisal Although human resource accounting ( HRA ) is a comparatively new field, its development has already passed through several discernable phases. The first phase of growing, from 1960 to 1966, was distinct by involvement in HRA and the beginning of basic HRA constructs from related organic structures of theory, The initial impulse for the development of HRA came from a assortment of beginnings, including the economic theory of human capital, the new human resource point of view, and a concern for human assets as constituents of corporate ( flamholtz, 1999 ) .there was many phase during development of Human resource accounting as followers: First period ( 1960-66) : This characters the foundation of academic attending in the country of Human Resource Accounting. though, the centre was chiefly on derive Human Resource Accounting constructs from other surveies like the fiscal theory of capital, psychological theories of leadership-effectiveness, the lifting constructs of human resource as dissimilar from forces or human dealingss ; every bit good as the measuring of concern good will. Second period ( 1966-71 ): The focal point here was more on lifting and validates different theoretical accounts for HRA. These theoretical accounts enclosed both costs and the pecuniary and non-monetary value of HR. The seek was to develop some tools that would assist the organisations in measuring and organisation their human resource/assets in a more rational mode. One of the first surveies here was that of Roger Hermanson, who as portion of his Ph.D. studied the job of mensurating the value of human assets as an component of good will. Inspired by his work, a figure of research undertakings were undertaken by the research workers to develop the constructs and methods of accounting for human resource. Third period: ( 1971-76 ) This period was distinct by a extended attending in the field of HRA taking to a speedy growing of research in the country. The focal point in most instances was on the issues of application of HRA in concern organisations. R.G. Barry experiments contributed well during this phase. ( R.G.BarryCorporation:1971 ) Fourth period ( 1976-1980 ) : This was a period of diminution in the country of HRA chiefly because the multipart issues that needed to be explored needed much deeper experiential research than was required for the old simple theoretical accounts. The organisations, nevertheless, were non ready to back up such research. They set up the thought of HRA interesting but did non happen much usage in pump in great amounts or puting batch of clip and power in back uping the research. Fifth period ( 1980 onwards) : There was a unexpected regeneration of attending in the field of HRA to some extent cause of most of the developed economic systems had displacement from fabricating to service economic systems and perceived the criticalness of human plus for their organisations. Since the endurance, increase net incomes of the organisations were evident to be reliant more on the rational assets of the organisations than on the physical assets ; the demand was felt to hold more true steps for HR costs, investings and value. An of import result of this renewed involvement was that unlike the old decennaries, when the involvements were chiefly academic with some practical applications, from mid 90s the focal point has been on greater application of HRA to concern direction. Different types of theoretical accounts to accommodate the specific demands of the organisations have been developed integrating both the touchable and the intangible facets. Besides, larger figure of organisations really began to utilize HRA as portion of their managerial and fiscal accounting pattern. Today, human and rational capitals are perceived to be the strategic resources and hence, clear appraisal of their value has gained important importance. The increased force per unit areas for corporate administration and the corporate codification of behavior demanding transparence in accounting have farther supported the demand for developing methods of mensurating human value.

U.S. Birth Rate Hits All-Time Low in 2016

U.S. Birth Rate Hits All-Time Low in 2016 In a trend that has some demographers worried, the birth rate in the United States dropped to its lowest level ever in 2016. Dropping by another full 1% from 2015, there were only 62 births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44. Overall, there were a total of 3,945,875 babies born in the United States during 2016. â€Å"This is the second year that the number of births has declined following an increase in 2014. Prior to that year, the number of births declined steadily from 2007 through 2013,† noted the CDC. According to an analysis issued by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), birth rates in all age groups under age 30 fell to all-time record lows. Among women ages 20 to 24, the decline was 4%. Among women ages 25 to 29, the rate fell 2 percent.   Drop in Teenage Pregnancy Drives Trend In an analysis issued by the National Center for Health Statistics, researchers report that birth rates declined to record lows in all groups under age 30. Among women ages 20 to 24, the decline was 4 percent. For women 25 to 29, the rate fell 2 percent. Driving the trend, the fertility and birth  rate among teenagers and 20-somethings fell by 9% from 2015 to 2016, continuing a long-term decline of 67% since 1991. While they are often used interchangeably, the term â€Å"fertility rate† refers to the number of births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 occurring in a particular year, while â€Å"birth  rate† refers to the fertility rates within particular age groups or specific demographic groups. Does This Mean the Total Population is Falling? The fact that the all-time low fertility and birth  rate puts the United States population below the â€Å"replacement level† - the balance point between births and deaths at which the population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next - does not mean that the total U.S. population is falling. The annual U.S. immigration rate of 13.5% in 2017 still more than compensates for the lower fertility rates. Indeed, while the birth  rate continued to fall consistently throughout the period from 1990 to 2017, the nation’s total population increased by over 74 million people, from 248,709,873 in 1990 to an estimated 323,148,586 in 2017. Potential Dangers of a Falling Birthrate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite a growing total population, some demographers and social scientists worry that if the birth  rate continues to slide, the U.S. could face a â€Å"baby crisis† resulting in cultural and economic pathos. Far more than an indicator of societal trends, a nation’s birth  rate is one of the most significant gauges of its overall demographic health. If the fertility rate falls too far below the replacement level, there is a danger that the nation will lose the ability to replace its aging workforce, leaving it unable to generate the amount of tax revenue needed to keep the economy stable, maintain or grow the infrastructure, and become unable to provide essential government services. On the other side, if birth  rates get too high, overpopulation can strain the nation’s available resources such as housing, social services, and safe food and water.   Over the decades, countries like France and Japan, experiencing the negative effects of a low birth  rate have applied pro-family policies in attempts to encourage couples to have babies. However, in nations such as India, where fertility rates have fallen slightly over the last few decades, residual overpopulation still results in wide-spread starvation and abject poverty. US Birthrates Up Among Older Women The US birth  rate is not falling among all age groups. According to the CDC’s findings, the fertility rate for women ages 30 to 34 rose by 1% over the 2015 rate, and the rate for women ages 35 to 39 went up by 2%, the highest rate in that age group since 1962. The birth  rate among older women ages 40 to 44 also increased, up 4% over 2015. In addition, the fertility rate for women ages 45 to 49 increased to 0.9 births per thousand from 0.8 in 2015. Other Details of US Birthrates in 2016 Unmarried Women: Among unmarried women, the birth rate fell to 42.1 births per 1,000 women, down from 43.5 per 1,000 in 2015. Falling for the eighth consecutive year, the birthrate for unmarried women has now dropped by over 3% since reaching its peak in 2007 and 2008. By race, 28.4% of white babies, 52.5% of Hispanics, and 69.7% of black babies were born to unmarried parents in 2016. Preterm Birthrate: Describing babies born before 37 weeks of gestation, the preterm birth rate increased for the second consecutive year to 9.84% per 1,000 women from 9.63% per 1,000 women in 2015.  This slight increase in preterm births came after a decline of 8% from 2007 to 2014. The highest rate of preterm birth was among non-Hispanic blacks, at 13.75% per 1,000 women, while the lowest was among Asians, at 8.63% per 1,000 women. Use of Tobacco by Mother: For the first time, the CDC reported data on mothers’ use of tobacco during pregnancy. Of the women who gave birth in 2016, 7.2% reported smoking tobacco at some point while pregnant. Tobacco use was the most common earlier in pregnancy - 7.0% of women smoked in their first trimester, 6.0% in their second, and 5.7% in their third. Of the 9.4% of women who reported smoking in the 3 months prior to becoming pregnant, 25.0% quit smoking before pregnancy.

Free Essays on Trying To Fit In

Adapting to a new country is really hard. You need to learn the new country’s language and culture in order to integrate into its citizenship. In the essay â€Å"The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl,† Elizabeth Wong describes her tough experience of trying to fit in while her mother is trying to remind her that she has Chinese roots and she should not forget about them. For example, she is forced to go to a Chinese school in order to learn her family’s language. However, she does not believe Chinese is the language that is going to help her to fit in the crowd. Besides, people at Chinatown always congratulate her for being a young lady who speaks English. This, gave her more enthusiasm to become an â€Å"All-American Girl†. At last, she finally reaches her main goal by being allowed to stop attending the Chinese school, however, she still not happy. Although my experience did not involve attending any school, I had a similar experience that relates to the author’s. When I was a child my mom would buy me as many books as she could so I would not forget to speak Spanish. First, Wong says that she is forced by her mother to do things that she did not want to do, â€Å"everyday at 5 p.m. instead of playing with friends, [her] brother and [she] [had] to go to a Chinese school†(114). As the author I was also lectured by my mother every time she had an opportunity to do it. I must admit that it was really hard for her to keep me on track due to the fact that at school I did not use the language. Moreover, I did not believe I needed to learn Spanish because we were in America. Likewise, Wong believes that Chinese is not the language she needs in order to succeed, â€Å"Nancy Drew, [her] favorite book heroine, never spoke Chinese† (115). Diaz 2 Unlike the author, I remember I used to argue with my parents about why it was so important to them that I learn Spanish. In fact, I remember my parents telling me that just because I liv... Free Essays on Trying To Fit In Free Essays on Trying To Fit In Adapting to a new country is really hard. You need to learn the new country’s language and culture in order to integrate into its citizenship. In the essay â€Å"The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl,† Elizabeth Wong describes her tough experience of trying to fit in while her mother is trying to remind her that she has Chinese roots and she should not forget about them. For example, she is forced to go to a Chinese school in order to learn her family’s language. However, she does not believe Chinese is the language that is going to help her to fit in the crowd. Besides, people at Chinatown always congratulate her for being a young lady who speaks English. This, gave her more enthusiasm to become an â€Å"All-American Girl†. At last, she finally reaches her main goal by being allowed to stop attending the Chinese school, however, she still not happy. Although my experience did not involve attending any school, I had a similar experience that relates to the author’s. When I was a child my mom would buy me as many books as she could so I would not forget to speak Spanish. First, Wong says that she is forced by her mother to do things that she did not want to do, â€Å"everyday at 5 p.m. instead of playing with friends, [her] brother and [she] [had] to go to a Chinese school†(114). As the author I was also lectured by my mother every time she had an opportunity to do it. I must admit that it was really hard for her to keep me on track due to the fact that at school I did not use the language. Moreover, I did not believe I needed to learn Spanish because we were in America. Likewise, Wong believes that Chinese is not the language she needs in order to succeed, â€Å"Nancy Drew, [her] favorite book heroine, never spoke Chinese† (115). Diaz 2 Unlike the author, I remember I used to argue with my parents about why it was so important to them that I learn Spanish. In fact, I remember my parents telling me that just because I liv...